<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/xsl/rss2html.xsl" type="text/xsl" media="screen"?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/scripts/wpcss/wiki/openwikipedia/skin/serene/rss" type="text/css" media="screen"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><channel><title>PediaOpeness.org - Recently Updated Pages</title><link>http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/pageSearch/updated</link><description>Recently Updated Pages on http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com</description><language>en-us</language><webMaster>info@wetpaint.com</webMaster><pubDate>Sat, 10 May 2008 20:33:54 CDT</pubDate><lastBuildDate>Sat, 10 May 2008 20:33:54 CDT</lastBuildDate><generator>wetpaint.com</generator><ttl>60</ttl><image><title>PediaOpeness.org</title><url>http://image.wetpaint.com/image/3/4PknJFePpq2qMya8DKCjNQ147429/GW251H200</url><link>http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com</link><description>The Open Wikipedia is like the standard Wikipedia except that the policy and rules are open. The Open Wikipedia was started and is maintained by Justin Breithaupt and the Ultumix GNU/Linux Team.</description></image><item><title>Open Wikipedia Home</title><link>http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/page/Open+Wikipedia+Home</link><author>ultumix</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/page/Open+Wikipedia+Home</guid><comments>redirect</comments><pubDate>Sat, 10 May 2008 20:33:54 CDT</pubDate><description>&lt;u&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ff0000&quot; size=&quot;6&quot;&gt;THIS SITE HAS BEEN MOVED TO &lt;br&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.pediaopeness.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;www.pediaopeness.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>The Open Wikipedia News Paper</title><link>http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/page/The+Open+Wikipedia+News+Paper</link><author>ultumix</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/page/The+Open+Wikipedia+News+Paper</guid><comments>new news story.</comments><pubDate>Tue, 06 May 2008 22:43:07 CDT</pubDate><description> 			05/06/2008&lt;br&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Courier&quot;&gt;The Wikipedia VS The Open Wikipedia.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;By Justin Breithaupt.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;Well today I was asked to call the Wikipedia and speak to an attorney there. He seems honest and upfront and tells me that we must change our name. We decided to change the name to pediaopeness instead of open wikipedia because the name was available. I&amp;#39;m having mixed feelings about the phone call however. Now that I have time to digest what was being said I realise that they told me that I legally had to give them www.openwikipedia.org the domain. I registered that domain name and I think that legaly I should be able to keep it. I think that after a few weeks of transitioning to pediaopeness.org I&amp;#39;ll just stop redirectiong www.openwikipeida.org to this site and hold on to it because it&amp;#39;s worth much more than the $6.99 I paid for it as similar sites cost $300.00 to buy like openpedia.org. If you have any feedback I&amp;#39;m all ears. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;05/05/2008 &lt;br&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Courier&quot; size=&quot;6&quot;&gt;The &lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Courier&quot; size=&quot;6&quot;&gt;PediaOpeness&lt;/font&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Courier&quot; size=&quot;6&quot;&gt; News Paper Opens!&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;by Justin breithaupt&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;I started this living news paper because news should never end. I think it&amp;#39;s cool to have people writing news each day. This paper should be split up into sections like Computers, Food, TV, Movies, Microsoft, GNU/Linux, Mac, Weather, Deaths, Adds, ect. Just put your article under the appropriate date and subject just like you see here. If your article makes it as a top storry I&amp;#39;ll put it under the Front Page section. (Don&amp;#39;t do that yourself) You can nominate your own article or another article for Front Page status. &lt;br&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>Ultumix GNU/Linux</title><link>http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/page/Ultumix+GNU%2FLinux</link><author>ultumix</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/page/Ultumix+GNU%2FLinux</guid><comments>pediaopeness</comments><pubDate>Tue, 06 May 2008 22:37:31 CDT</pubDate><description> 			 &lt;br&gt;GNU/Linux by Previous Windows Users for Current Windows Users &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.ultumix.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.ultumix.com&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;br&gt;Home Page: www.ultumix.com &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.ultumix.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.ultumix.com&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;Project Leader: Justin Breithaupt &lt;br&gt;Phone Number: (865) 329-7705 or skype usacomputertec &lt;br&gt;Project Forum: &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://sourceforge.net/forum/?group_id=200997&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://sourceforge.net/forum/?group_id=200997&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;IRC: ultumix at irc.freenode.net &lt;br&gt;SF.net Project: &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://sourceforge.net/projects/ultumix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://sourceforge.net/projects/ultumix&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;Download Link: &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.mindblowingidea.com/AdobeFlashEULA.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.mindblowingidea.com/AdobeFlashEULA.html&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;Screenshots: &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://sourceforge.net/project/screenshots.php?group_id=200997&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://sourceforge.net/project/screenshots.php?group_id=200997&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://sourceforge.net/project/screenshots.php?group_id=200997&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://sourceforge.net/project/screenshots.php?group_id=200997&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.ultumix.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br&gt;Mirrors: Currently None. If you want to Mirror Ultumix GNU/Linux please add your link here and contact us. Thanks. Current Version: 0.0.1.5 &lt;br&gt;  &lt;font size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;The Purpose of Ultumix GNU/Linux&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; Our purpose is simple. Mainly we accept feedback from current Microsoft Windows users or GNU/Linux noobs and try to solve their problems or meet their expectations. If we don&amp;#39;t know how then we ask others to help us. An example of this would be when my Mother complained that she could not find templates or clip art in OpenOffice.org in Ultumix. I added all the open source clip art and templates I could find. Recently we just discovered that there is a fully GNU/Linux compatible Yahoo Instant Messenger. We plan on adding it to our arsenal of programs that are pre-installed. One thing we have learned is that we can minimize install time and frustration if we have the most commonly used programs pre-installed to increase functionality. By doing simple things like configuring OpenOffice.org to save in .doc, .xls, and .ppt formats we can make the user feel more comfortable. Support for Microsoft applications is important as well and eventually we want to give cash rewards for help in that area. Mainly overall our goal is just to get people to use GNU/Linux without becoming frustrated and moving back to Microsoft Windows or Mac. Currently we can get 9 out of 10 users to switch from Windows XP or Vista to Ultumix but only if we install it for them or give them a live demonstration. Otherwise our approval rate for the general public that downloads our software is around 50% and it is always changing. There is a FLEKTOR counter that you can use on our main page.  &lt;h2&gt;People Who Help Us &lt;/h2&gt; Ken Starks, Edwin Hallgrimson, Clem (with Linux Mint), Thomas with www.thenixedreport.com, Richard Stallman helps us with PR and others help us as well.  &lt;h2&gt;We founded &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.openwikipedia.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;www.pediaopeness.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;br&gt;On 05/04/2008 pediaopeness was formed in the same way the United States declared itself independent. The administrative staff at the Wikipedia informed us that &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Usacomputertec&amp;oldid=210070503&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;they did not offer the freedom of speech&lt;/a&gt; and that shocked us greatly so we felt it necessary to liberate people from the Wikipedia. &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://nixedblog.thenixedreport.com/?p=189&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;More Info Click Here&lt;/a&gt;. Now the open exchange of information on the internet is free and open the way it should be, only restricted by US laws and good morals. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;h2&gt;We Put Tux In The 2008 Olympus Rally (X-Games Tryouts) &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.mindblowingidea.com/RallyRaceSpring2008.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.mindblowingidea.com/RallyRaceSpring2008.html&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/h2&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://thelinuxvault.net/wiki/Image:RallyTux.jpg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Image:RallyTux.jpg&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt; Similar to the Tux 500 that put an Indy car in the Indianapolis 500 I decided to put TUX on 4 4x4 foot signs and place them at 4 race tracks in Garfield County. You can watch the race and look at pictures by going here: &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.mindblowingidea.com/RallyRaceSpring2008.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.mindblowingidea.com/RallyRaceSpring2008.html&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt; . You can also find other fun videos that we made to promote GNU/Linux at  &lt;h2&gt;GNUConsumer.com &lt;/h2&gt; After having trouble with newegg.com and PayPal we decided to start GNUConsumer.com &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.gnuconsumer.com/&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.gnuconsumer.com&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt; where anyone is encouraged to write a review on any product or service and let the world know what they should use and stay away from.  &lt;h2&gt;A Little History &lt;/h2&gt; Back in 2001 - 2002 a man who worked for Microsoft developing DOS - Windows 98+ retired and came back to my small town. He told me about SUSE Linux and demonstrated it to me. I was very frustrated because it was so different. I fiddled with it while using Windows XP for years. Finally when I was still in college I decided I liked GNU/Linux so much (after having been force fed it by my college) that I wanted to figure out how to make it simple for others including myself so that we would not need to use the Konsole or Terminal as much as possible. I started with PCLinuxOS 2007 and it seemed good for a while and then I decided to remaster it. The PCLinuxOS community didn&amp;#39;t like this so they banned me from their site. Then I decided to go with Linux Mint and it worked very well until ENVY stopped installing NVIDIA and ATI drivers automatically and the Screen saver and resolution settings didn&amp;#39;t work either. I&amp;#39;m currently working on a lite Slackware version, 32 bit and 64 bit Kubuntu based version for Windows users, and a Ubuntu (32 and 64 bit version) based version for Macintosh users. This time it&amp;#39;s so demanding I&amp;#39;m going to have someone else make the Slackware version for me. Yes there is other history but I think I can save that for the Critics section.  &lt;h2&gt;Critics &lt;/h2&gt; As far as we can tell 90% of our critics don&amp;#39;t like what we are doing because I support my local Lutheran Church (Christian) &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.mindblowingidea.com/ThisWeekService.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.mindblowingidea.com/ThisWeekService.html&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt; . I feel that this is freedom of speech and that it should have no reflection on how people respond to Ultumix. We found that almost all of the people involved in the Anti-Christian movement were forum moderators from another distribution which we won&amp;#39;t mention. The rest of the critics were Jehovah&amp;#39;s witness. We received countless anonymous forum posts and personal e-mails from these extremest Anti-Christian groups. This was when I contacted Richard Stallman for help. He gave me wise words of wisdom which resulted in some final responses and this &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.mindblowingidea.com/FAQ.html&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;http://www.mindblowingidea.com/FAQ.html&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt; FAQ page we came up with to silence them. Also according to the moderators at Yahoo Answers it&amp;#39;s against their policy to allow us to answer people with the solution of using Ultumix GNU/Linux. I asked several Yahoo Answers users if they could explain why Yahoo Answers excluded us from their site. We made no mention of previous critics or why we thought that we were excluded. The response was that they thought it was because of our Christian involvement. Despite these attacks we will not give in to terrorism that would remove the freedom of speech from us. We enjoy good criticism related to our Ultumix GNU/Linux project as far as software and our UI but we don&amp;#39;t want to hear about why you think Christianity should not be supported. &lt;br&gt; &lt;font size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;How Ultumix GNU/Linux Can Save You Over $10,000.00!  &lt;/font&gt;The current Price of Windows Vista Ultimate: $209.99 &amp;ndash; $319.99 Microsoft Office 2007 Professional: $500.00 Norton 360 V2.0: $79.99 Quickbooks: $700.00 PC Game Average Price $46.99 x 128 = $6,014.42 Nero CD DVD burning software $59.99 SONY Vegas Movie Studio $89.99 Adobe PhotoShop $624.99 Microsoft Money Plus $59.99 The Bible $10.00 Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 $689.99 Adobe DramWeaver $398.99 Synaptic Backup Utility $382.99 Windows Server Enterprise 2008 $2,799.99 Loosing All Of Your Data! $Priceless.00 Total: $12,731.32 These programs would be needed to replace the functionality you get with Ultumix GNU/Linux. Also you could still get Viruses with Microsoft. &lt;br&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>Policy and Rules</title><link>http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/page/Policy+and+Rules</link><author>ultumix</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/page/Policy+and+Rules</guid><comments>add rules and edit</comments><pubDate>Mon, 05 May 2008 21:59:32 CDT</pubDate><description> 			We are not responsible for what you post or don&amp;#39;t post online. If your under 18 you must ask your parents for permission first before you sign up. If your under 18 we also don&amp;#39;t recommend you post personal photos.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;  &lt;ol&gt;&lt;li&gt;Obey the laws of the United 	States. 	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Don&amp;#39;t try to make people angry 	intentionally.  	 	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Don&amp;#39;t cuss, swear, or describe 	obscene sexual actions or perversions or post any perverted graphics 	or pictures. 	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt; The rules of posting facts that 	are negative are as follows: Put all negative comments about 	something under the Criticism topic. If your fact or comment 	is relative to another section please don&amp;#39;t worry. Your Criticism 	section should not be that big so you should be able to fit all the 	criticism under the criticism section.  	 &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;There is a difference between 		factual criticism and just plain facts. 		&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Factual Criticism:&lt;/b&gt; 			Microsoft controls what users can and can not do by making them 			sign an unconstitutional agreement. 			&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;b&gt;Fact:&lt;/b&gt; Microsoft&amp;#39;s End 			User License Agreement requires users to forfeit certain rights to 			privacy, what they can and can not do on their computers, and 			their right to redistribute the software or change it in any way 			such as but not limited to removing Internet Explorer. 		&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; 	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Administrators are to enforce 	these rules only when absolutely necessary. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;When a user is causing disruption 		that other users are complaining about. 		&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;When a user is breaking a US Law 		or displaying profanity. 		&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;When a user is trying to Troll or 		make people angry on purpose to get a response. This must be 		brought to the attention of another moderator / administrator 		before coming to the conclusion that this is taking place.  		 	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt; &lt;ol start=&quot;6&quot;&gt;&lt;li&gt;Users will be warned as follows: &lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;Administrators will issue a 		warning to the user no matter how long they have used the Open 		Wikipedia and ask them to take care of the issue. The user then has 		3 business days to respond or take action but porn, cussing, and 		sexual content can be removed immediately. 		&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If the issue persists the 		Administrator will remove or change the content and send the user a 		copy of the original along with an extended warning asking the user 		to respond as soon as they are able and to explain themselves. 		&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If the user repeats the offense 		after being warned his account will be limited until the dispute is 		addressed. If the user fails to agree or comply with the 		Administrator&amp;#39;s demands then the Administrator &amp;ldquo;Must&amp;rdquo; put it 		before the entire board of Administrators to look over. 		&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If the user and the executive 		board of Administrators can&amp;#39;t work out a deal then the user will be 		suspended until further notice. No user will be suspended 		indefinitely. Users will always have a chance to renew their 		account. 		&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If after an executive decision 		has been made to suspend an account a user wants to have rights to 		edit the Open Wikipedia again they will be expected to write a 		1,000 word essay in plain English on what they did wrong, why it 		was wrong, why they won&amp;#39;t do it again, why we should trust them, 		and what they will do after we give them back their account access. 				 		&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;If a user completes the 		requirements in a respectful manner then we will renew his account 		after looking over the essay. The user will be on probation for 30 		days and if they break the policy in any way they will be removed. 		They also won&amp;#39;t have the right to post any criticism  while they 		are on probation. 	&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>The GNU/Linux Noobs Dictionary</title><link>http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/page/The+GNU%2FLinux+Noobs+Dictionary</link><author>ultumix</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/page/The+GNU%2FLinux+Noobs+Dictionary</guid><comments>link change</comments><pubDate>Mon, 05 May 2008 00:54:31 CDT</pubDate><description> 			This Dictionary is a place where GNU/Linux Noobs can look at terms like (Kaffeine = Windows Media Player) so that they can become more comfortable with the GNU/Linux terminology. This project is new so please start working on it in your spare time.&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;A-C&lt;/b&gt;    &lt;table align=&quot;bottom&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;wp-border-rows&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Term&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Definition&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;D-G&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;table align=&quot;bottom&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;wp-border-rows&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Term&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Definition&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;GNU&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;GNU&amp;#39;s Not Unix is what GNU stands for. The GNU Software is free software that&amp;#39;s free to use, redistribute, and change. &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.fsf.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;www.fsf.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;H-L&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;    &lt;table align=&quot;bottom&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;wp-border-rows&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Term&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Definition&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;Linux&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;A Kernel that all GNU software runs on. Without GNU software Linux would only be a running system but without Linux you could not run GNU software on a free system. The GNU/Linux system is a complete Operating System for your computer. &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.linux.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;www.linux.com&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.linux.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;www.linux.org&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;M-Q&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;table align=&quot;bottom&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;wp-border-rows&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Term&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Definition&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;Noob&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;Someone who is new to something. A GNU/Linux noob would bee someone who is just starting to use GNU/Linux.&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;br&gt;&lt;b&gt;R-Z&lt;br&gt;&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;table align=&quot;bottom&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; class=&quot;wp-border-rows&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;  &lt;tbody&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Term&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Definition&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/page/Ultumix+GNU%2FLinux&quot; target=&quot;_self&quot;&gt;Ultumix&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/page/Ultumix+GNU%2FLinux&quot; target=&quot;_self&quot;&gt;Ultumix&lt;/a&gt; GNU/Linux is a GNU/Linux distribution that is designed to be both Mac and Windows user friendly depdning on the version you download. &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://www.ultumix.com&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;www.ultumix.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;  &lt;tr&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;  &lt;td width=&quot;50%&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot;&gt;&lt;br/&gt;</description></item><item><title>Linux</title><link>http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/page/Linux</link><author>ultumix</author><guid isPermaLink="false">http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.com/page/Linux</guid><comments>Cloned from Wikipedia</comments><pubDate>Mon, 05 May 2008 00:44:58 CDT</pubDate><description>&lt;div class=&quot;dablink&quot;&gt;&lt;font color=&quot;#ff0000&quot; size=&quot;5&quot;&gt;Currently this page is a clone from the Wikipedia. Please edit it as you feel you should. We want to add to this and make it more original. :)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;This article is about operating systems that use the Linux kernel.  For the kernel itself, see &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux kernel&quot;&gt;Linux kernel&lt;/a&gt;. For other uses, see &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_%28disambiguation%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux (disambiguation)&quot;&gt;Linux (disambiguation)&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;table cellspacing=&quot;5&quot; class=&quot;infobox&quot;&gt; &lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;Linux&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Tux.svg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Tux.svg&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tux&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Tux&quot;&gt;Tux&lt;/a&gt;, the penguin, mascot of Linux&lt;/td&gt; &lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; OS family &lt;td&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Unix-like&quot;&gt;Unix-like&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_%28computer_science%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Kernel (computer science)&quot;&gt;Kernel&lt;/a&gt; type &lt;td&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolithic_kernel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Monolithic kernel&quot;&gt;Monolithic kernel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Software license&quot;&gt;License&lt;/a&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNU General Public License&quot;&gt;GNU General Public License&lt;/a&gt; and others&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;tr&gt; Working state &lt;td&gt;Current&lt;/td&gt; &lt;td&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt; &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt; &lt;b&gt;Linux&lt;/b&gt; (commonly pronounced IPA: &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Help:Pronunciation&quot;&gt;/ˈlɪnəks/&lt;/a&gt; in English; variants exist&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-0&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/a&gt;) is a &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Unix-like&quot;&gt;Unix-like&lt;/a&gt; computer &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Operating system&quot;&gt;operating system&lt;/a&gt;. Linux is one of the most prominent examples of &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Free software&quot;&gt;free software&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Open source&quot;&gt;open source&lt;/a&gt; development: typically all underlying &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Source_code&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Source code&quot;&gt;source code&lt;/a&gt; can be freely modified, used, and redistributed by anyone.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/a&gt; The name &amp;quot;Linux&amp;quot; comes from the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux kernel&quot;&gt;Linux kernel&lt;/a&gt;, started in 1991 by &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linus Torvalds&quot;&gt;Linus Torvalds&lt;/a&gt;. The system&amp;#39;s &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_utility&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;System utility&quot;&gt;utilities&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_%28computer_science%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Library (computer science)&quot;&gt;libraries&lt;/a&gt; usually come from the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_operating_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNU operating system&quot;&gt;GNU operating system&lt;/a&gt;, announced in 1983 by &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Richard Stallman&quot;&gt;Richard Stallman&lt;/a&gt;. The GNU contribution is the basis for the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux_naming_controversy&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNU/Linux naming controversy&quot;&gt;alternative name&lt;/a&gt; &lt;b&gt;GNU/Linux&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-lsag-2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/a&gt; Predominantly known for its use in &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_%28computing%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Server (computing)&quot;&gt;servers&lt;/a&gt;, Linux is supported by corporations such as &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Dell&quot;&gt;Dell&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett-Packard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Hewlett-Packard&quot;&gt;Hewlett-Packard&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;IBM&quot;&gt;IBM&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novell&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Novell&quot;&gt;Novell&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oracle_Corporation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Oracle Corporation&quot;&gt;Oracle Corporation&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Red Hat&quot;&gt;Red Hat&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystems&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Sun Microsystems&quot;&gt;Sun Microsystems&lt;/a&gt;. It is used as an operating system for a wide variety of computer &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Hardware&quot;&gt;hardware&lt;/a&gt;, including &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_computer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Desktop computer&quot;&gt;desktop computers&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Supercomputers&quot;&gt;supercomputers&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/a&gt; video game systems, such as the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;PlayStation 2&quot;&gt;PlayStation 2&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_3&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;PlayStation 3&quot;&gt;PlayStation 3&lt;/a&gt;, several &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcade_games&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Arcade games&quot;&gt;arcade games&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_devices&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Embedded devices&quot;&gt;embedded devices&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Mobile phone&quot;&gt;mobile phones&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Routers&quot;&gt;routers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br&gt;&lt;h2&gt;History&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;i&gt;See also: &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Linux&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;History of Linux&quot;&gt;History of Linux&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; The &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Unix&quot;&gt;Unix&lt;/a&gt; operating system was conceived and implemented in the 1960s and first released in 1970. Its wide availability and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Porting&quot;&gt;portability&lt;/a&gt; meant that it was widely adopted, copied and modified by academic institutions and businesses, with its design being influential on authors of other systems. &lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Richard_Matthew_Stallman.jpeg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Richard Stallman, founder of the GNU project&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Richard_Matthew_Stallman.jpeg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Enlarge&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Richard Stallman&quot;&gt;Richard Stallman&lt;/a&gt;, founder of the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_project&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNU project&quot;&gt;GNU project&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; The &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Project&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNU Project&quot;&gt;GNU Project&lt;/a&gt;, started in 1984, had the goal of creating a &amp;quot;&lt;i&gt;complete Unix-compatible software system&lt;/i&gt;&amp;quot;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-gnu_announce-4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/a&gt; made entirely of &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Free software&quot;&gt;free software&lt;/a&gt;. In 1985, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallman&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Richard Stallman&quot;&gt;Richard Stallman&lt;/a&gt; created the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Software_Foundation&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Free Software Foundation&quot;&gt;Free Software Foundation&lt;/a&gt; and developed the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_License&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNU General Public License&quot;&gt;GNU General Public License&lt;/a&gt; (GNU GPL). Many of the programs required in an OS (such as libraries, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Compiler&quot;&gt;compilers&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Text_editor&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Text editor&quot;&gt;text editors&lt;/a&gt;, a &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Unix shell&quot;&gt;Unix shell&lt;/a&gt;, and a windowing system) were completed by the early 1990s, although low level elements such as &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_driver&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Device driver&quot;&gt;device drivers&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daemon_%28computer_software%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Daemon (computer software)&quot;&gt;daemons&lt;/a&gt;, and the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_%28computer_science%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Kernel (computer science)&quot;&gt;kernel&lt;/a&gt; were stalled and incomplete.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-gnu_history-5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt; Linus Torvalds has said that if the GNU kernel had been available at the time (1991), he would not have decided to write his own.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-6&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;h3&gt;[&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linux&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Edit section: MINIX&quot;&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] MINIX&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MINIX&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;MINIX&quot;&gt;MINIX&lt;/a&gt;, a Unix-like system intended for academic use, was released by &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_S._Tanenbaum&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Andrew S. Tanenbaum&quot;&gt;Andrew S. Tanenbaum&lt;/a&gt; in 1987. The source code for MINIX 1.0 was printed in his book &lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operating_Systems:_Design_and_Implementation&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Operating Systems: Design and Implementation (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;Operating Systems: Design and Implementation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. While easily available, modification and redistribution were restricted (though that is not the case today). The code was presumeably covered by the copyrights of the textbook, published by &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prentice_Hall&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Prentice Hall&quot;&gt;Prentice Hall&lt;/a&gt;. In addition, MINIX&amp;#39;s &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16-bit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;16-bit&quot;&gt;16-bit&lt;/a&gt; design was not well adapted to the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32-bit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;32-bit&quot;&gt;32-bit&lt;/a&gt; design of the increasingly cheap and popular &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_386&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Intel 386&quot;&gt;Intel 386&lt;/a&gt; architecture for personal computers. &lt;div class=&quot;thumb tleft&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Linus_Torvalds.jpeg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linus Torvalds, creator of the Linux kernel.&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Linus_Torvalds.jpeg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Enlarge&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linus Torvalds&quot;&gt;Linus Torvalds&lt;/a&gt;, creator of the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux kernel&quot;&gt;Linux kernel&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; In 1991, Torvalds began to work on a non-commercial replacement for MINIX while he was attending the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Helsinki&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;University of Helsinki&quot;&gt;University of Helsinki&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-7&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/a&gt; This eventually became the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux kernel&quot;&gt;Linux kernel&lt;/a&gt;. In 1992, Tanenbaum posted an article on &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usenet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Usenet&quot;&gt;Usenet&lt;/a&gt; claiming Linux was obsolete. In the article, he criticized the operating system as being &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolithic_kernel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Monolithic kernel&quot;&gt;monolithic&lt;/a&gt; in design and being tied closely to the x86 architecture and thus not portable, as he described &amp;quot;a fundamental error.&amp;quot;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-deb-8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt; Tanenbaum suggested that those who wanted a modern operating system should look into one based on the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microkernel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Microkernel&quot;&gt;microkernel&lt;/a&gt; model. The posting elicited the response of Torvalds, which resulted in a &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanenbaum-Torvalds_debate&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Tanenbaum-Torvalds debate&quot;&gt;well known debate&lt;/a&gt; over the microkernel and monolithic kernel designs.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-deb-8&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/a&gt; Linux was dependent on the MINIX &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_space&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;User space&quot;&gt;user space&lt;/a&gt; at first. With code from the GNU system freely available, it was advantageous if this could be used with the fledgling OS. Code licensed under the GNU GPL can be used in other projects, so long as they also are released under the same or a compatible license. In order to make the Linux kernel compatible with the components from the GNU Project, Torvalds initiated a switch from his original license (which prohibited commercial redistribution) to the GNU GPL.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/a&gt; Linux and GNU developers worked to integrate GNU components with Linux to make a fully functional and free operating system.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-gnu_history-5&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;h3&gt;Commercial and popular uptake&lt;/h3&gt; Today Linux is used in numerous domains, from &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Embedded system&quot;&gt;embedded systems&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-10&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Supercomputer&quot;&gt;supercomputers&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-11&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[12]&lt;/a&gt; and has secured a place in &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_%28computing%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Server (computing)&quot;&gt;server&lt;/a&gt; installations with the popular &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAMP_%28software_bundle%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;LAMP (software bundle)&quot;&gt;LAMP&lt;/a&gt; application stack.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-12&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/a&gt; Torvalds continues to direct the development of the kernel. Stallman heads the Free Software Foundation, which in turn supports the GNU components. Finally, individuals and corporations develop third-party non-GNU components. These third-party components comprise a vast body of work and may include both kernel modules and user applications and libraries. Linux vendors and communities combine and distribute the kernel, GNU components, and non-GNU components, with additional package management software in the form of &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux distribution&quot;&gt;Linux distributions&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;h2&gt;Pronunciation&lt;/h2&gt; In 1992, Torvalds explained how he pronounces the word &lt;i&gt;Linux&lt;/i&gt;: &lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;div&gt; &amp;#39;li&amp;#39; is pronounced with a short [ee] sound: compare prInt, mInImal etc. &amp;#39;nux&amp;#39; is also short, non-diphthong, like in pUt. It&amp;#39;s partly due to minix: linux was just my working name for the thing, and as I wrote it to replace minix on my system, the result is what it is... linus&amp;#39; minix became linux. &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;templatequotecite&quot;&gt;&amp;mdash;Linus Torvalds,comp.os.linux newsgroup&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-13&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[14]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt; Torvalds has made available an audio sample which indicates his own pronunciation, in English and Swedish.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-14&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[15]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-15&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[16]&lt;/a&gt; However, an interview from the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;2001&quot;&gt;2001&lt;/a&gt; documentary &lt;i&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_OS&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Revolution OS&quot;&gt;Revolution OS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; indicates that his preferred pronunciation has slightly changed.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-16&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[17]&lt;/a&gt; Many English speakers tend to pronounce the name as [ˈlɪnʊks] or [ˈlɪnəks].  &lt;h2&gt;Design&lt;/h2&gt; Linux is a modular &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Unix-like&quot;&gt;Unix-like&lt;/a&gt; operating system. It derives much of its basic design from principles established in Unix during the 1970s and 1980s. Linux uses a &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolithic_kernel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Monolithic kernel&quot;&gt;monolithic kernel&lt;/a&gt;, the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux kernel&quot;&gt;Linux kernel&lt;/a&gt;, which handles process control, networking, and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Peripheral&quot;&gt;peripheral&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;File system&quot;&gt;file system&lt;/a&gt; access. &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_drivers&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Device drivers&quot;&gt;Device drivers&lt;/a&gt; are integrated directly with the kernel. Much of Linux&amp;#39;s higher-level functionality is provided by separate projects which interface with the kernel. The GNU &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Userland_%28computing%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Userland (computing)&quot;&gt;userland&lt;/a&gt; is an important part of most Linux systems, providing the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_%28computing%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Shell (computing)&quot;&gt;shell&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_tool&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Unix tool&quot;&gt;Unix tools&lt;/a&gt; which carry out many basic operating system tasks. On top of these tools form a Linux system with a &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Graphical user interface&quot;&gt;graphical user interface&lt;/a&gt; that can be used, usually running in the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;X Window System&quot;&gt;X Window System&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;h3&gt;User interface&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;i&gt;See also: &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_interface&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;User interface&quot;&gt;User interface&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Linux can be controlled by one or more of a text-based &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Command_line_interface&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Command line interface&quot;&gt;command line interface&lt;/a&gt; (CLI), &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Graphical user interface&quot;&gt;graphical user interface&lt;/a&gt; (GUI) (usually the default for desktop), or through controls on the device itself (common on embedded machines). On desktop machines, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;KDE&quot;&gt;KDE&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNOME&quot;&gt;GNOME&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xfce&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Xfce&quot;&gt;Xfce&lt;/a&gt; are the most popular user interfaces,&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-17&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[18]&lt;/a&gt; though a variety of other user interfaces exist. Most popular user interfaces run on top of the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_Window_System&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;X Window System&quot;&gt;X Window System&lt;/a&gt; (X), which provides &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_transparency&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Network transparency&quot;&gt;network transparency&lt;/a&gt;, enabling a graphical application running on one machine to be displayed and controlled from another. Other GUIs include &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_window_manager&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;X window manager&quot;&gt;X window managers&lt;/a&gt; such as &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FVWM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;FVWM&quot;&gt;FVWM&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlightenment_%28window_manager%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Enlightenment (window manager)&quot;&gt;Enlightenment&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_Maker&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Window Maker&quot;&gt;Window Maker&lt;/a&gt;. The window manager provides a means to control the placement and appearance of individual application windows, and interacts with the X window system. A Linux system usually provides a &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLI&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;CLI&quot;&gt;CLI&lt;/a&gt; of some sort through a &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shell_%28computing%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Shell (computing)&quot;&gt;shell&lt;/a&gt;, which is the traditional way of interacting with a Unix system. A Linux distribution specialized for servers may use the CLI as its only interface. A &amp;ldquo;headless system&amp;rdquo; run without even a monitor can be controlled by the command line via a protocol such as &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secure_Shell&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Secure Shell&quot;&gt;SSH&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telnet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Telnet&quot;&gt;telnet&lt;/a&gt;. Most low-level Linux components, including the GNU &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Userland_%28computing%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Userland (computing)&quot;&gt;Userland&lt;/a&gt;, use the CLI exclusively. The CLI is particularly suited for automation of repetitive or delayed tasks, and provides very simple &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-process_communication&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Inter-process communication&quot;&gt;inter-process communication&lt;/a&gt;. A graphical &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_emulator&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Terminal emulator&quot;&gt;terminal emulator&lt;/a&gt; program is often used to access the CLI from a Linux desktop.  &lt;h2&gt;Development&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;noprint relarticle mainarticle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Main article: &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux distribution&quot;&gt;Linux distribution&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Unix_history.en.svg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;A summarised history of Unix-like operating systems showing Linux's origins. Note that despite similar architectural designs and concepts being shared as part of the POSIX standard, Linux does not share any non-free source code with the original Unix or Minix.&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Unix_history.en.svg&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Enlarge&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; A summarised history of &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix-like&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Unix-like&quot;&gt;Unix-like&lt;/a&gt; operating systems showing Linux&amp;#39;s origins. Note that despite similar architectural designs and concepts being shared as part of the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;POSIX&quot;&gt;POSIX&lt;/a&gt; standard, Linux does not share any non-free source code with the original &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Unix&quot;&gt;Unix&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Minix&quot;&gt;Minix&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; The primary difference between Linux and many other popular contemporary operating systems is that the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernel&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux kernel&quot;&gt;Linux kernel&lt;/a&gt; and other components are &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Free software&quot;&gt;free&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_software&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Open source software&quot;&gt;open source software&lt;/a&gt;. Linux is not the only such operating system, although it is the best-known and most widely used. Some &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software_license&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Free software license&quot;&gt;free&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source_license&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Open source license&quot;&gt;open source&lt;/a&gt; software licences are based on the principle of &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyleft&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Copyleft&quot;&gt;copyleft&lt;/a&gt;, a kind of reciprocity: any work derived from a copyleft piece of software must also be copyleft itself. The most common free software license, the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_GPL&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNU GPL&quot;&gt;GNU GPL&lt;/a&gt;, is a form of copyleft, and is used for the Linux kernel and many of the components from the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_project&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNU project&quot;&gt;GNU project&lt;/a&gt;. Linux systems adhere to &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;POSIX&quot;&gt;POSIX&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-18&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[19]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single_UNIX_Specification&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Single UNIX Specification&quot;&gt;SUS&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-19&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[20]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;International Organization for Standardization&quot;&gt;ISO&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;American National Standards Institute&quot;&gt;ANSI&lt;/a&gt; standards where possible. To date, however, only the Linux-FT distribution has been POSIX.1 certified.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-20&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[21]&lt;/a&gt; Free software projects, although developed in a &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaboration&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Collaboration&quot;&gt;collaborative&lt;/a&gt; fashion, are often produced independently of each other. However, given that the software licenses explicitly permit redistribution, this provides a basis for larger scale projects that collect the software produced by stand-alone projects and make it available all at once in the form of a &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux distribution&quot;&gt;Linux distribution&lt;/a&gt;. A &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_distribution&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux distribution&quot;&gt;Linux distribution&lt;/a&gt;, commonly called a &amp;ldquo;distro&amp;rdquo;, is a project that manages a remote collection of Linux-based software, and facilitates installation of a Linux operating system. Distributions are maintained by individuals, loose-knit teams, volunteer organizations, and commercial entities. They include system software and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_software&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Application software&quot;&gt;application software&lt;/a&gt; in the form of &lt;i&gt;packages&lt;/i&gt;, and distribution-specific software for initial system installation and configuration as well as later package upgrades and installs. A distribution is responsible for the default configuration of installed Linux systems, system security, and more generally integration of the different software packages into a coherent whole.  &lt;h3&gt;Community&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bash_screenshot.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;A command line session using bash&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Bash_screenshot.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Enlarge&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; A command line session using &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bash&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Bash&quot;&gt;bash&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; Linux is largely driven by its developer and user communities. Some vendors develop and fund their distributions on a volunteer basis, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Debian&quot;&gt;Debian&lt;/a&gt; being a well-known example. Others maintain a community version of their commercial distributions, as &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Red Hat&quot;&gt;Red Hat&lt;/a&gt; does with &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fedora_%28Linux_distribution%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Fedora (Linux distribution)&quot;&gt;Fedora&lt;/a&gt;. In many cities and regions, local associations known as &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Users_Group&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux Users Group&quot;&gt;Linux Users Groups&lt;/a&gt; (LUGs) seek to promote Linux and by extension free software. They hold meetings and provide free demonstrations, training, technical support, and operating system installation to new users. There are also many &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Internet&quot;&gt;Internet&lt;/a&gt; communities that seek to provide support to Linux users and developers. Most distributions and open source projects have &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRC&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;IRC&quot;&gt;IRC&lt;/a&gt; chatrooms or &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsgroup&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Newsgroup&quot;&gt;newsgroups&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online_forum&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Online forum&quot;&gt;Online forums&lt;/a&gt; are another means for support, with notable examples being &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LinuxQuestions.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;LinuxQuestions.org&quot;&gt;LinuxQuestions.org&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gentoo_Linux&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Gentoo Linux&quot;&gt;Gentoo&lt;/a&gt; forums. Linux distributions host &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mailing_list&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Mailing list&quot;&gt;mailing lists&lt;/a&gt;; commonly there will be a specific topic such as usage or development for a given list. There are several technology websites with a Linux focus. &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Weekly_News&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux Weekly News&quot;&gt;Linux Weekly News&lt;/a&gt; is a weekly digest of Linux-related news; the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_Journal&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux Journal&quot;&gt;Linux Journal&lt;/a&gt; is an online magazine of Linux articles published monthly; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slashdot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Slashdot&quot;&gt;Slashdot&lt;/a&gt; is a technology-related news website with many stories on Linux and open source software; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groklaw&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Groklaw&quot;&gt;Groklaw&lt;/a&gt; has written in depth about Linux-related legal proceedings and there are many articles relevant to the Linux kernel and its relationship with &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNU&quot;&gt;GNU&lt;/a&gt; on the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Project&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNU Project&quot;&gt;GNU project&amp;#39;s&lt;/a&gt; website. Print &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magazine&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Magazine&quot;&gt;magazines&lt;/a&gt; on Linux often include &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_disk&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Cover disk&quot;&gt;cover disks&lt;/a&gt; including software or even complete Linux distributions.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-21&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[22]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-22&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[23]&lt;/a&gt; Although Linux is generally available free of charge, several large corporations have established business models that involve selling, supporting, and contributing to Linux and free software. These include &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Dell&quot;&gt;Dell&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;IBM&quot;&gt;IBM&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett-Packard&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Hewlett-Packard&quot;&gt;HP&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystems&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Sun Microsystems&quot;&gt;Sun Microsystems&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novell&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Novell&quot;&gt;Novell&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Hat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Red Hat&quot;&gt;Red Hat&lt;/a&gt;. The free software licenses on which Linux is based explicitly accommodate and encourage commercialization; the relationship between Linux as a whole and individual vendors may be seen as &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Symbiosis&quot;&gt;symbiotic&lt;/a&gt;. One common business model of commercial suppliers is charging for support, especially for business users. A number of companies also offer a specialized business version of their distribution, which adds proprietary support packages and tools to administer higher numbers of installations or to simplify administrative tasks. Another business model is to give away the software in order to sell hardware.  &lt;h3&gt;[&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linux&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Edit section: Programming on Linux&quot;&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] Programming on Linux&lt;/h3&gt; Most Linux distributions support dozens of &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Programming language&quot;&gt;programming languages&lt;/a&gt;. The most common collection of utilities for building both Linux applications and operating system programs is found within the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_toolchain&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNU toolchain&quot;&gt;GNU toolchain&lt;/a&gt;, which includes the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Compiler_Collection&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNU Compiler Collection&quot;&gt;GNU Compiler Collection&lt;/a&gt; (GCC) and the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_build_system&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNU build system&quot;&gt;GNU build system&lt;/a&gt;. Amongst others, GCC provides compilers for &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_%28programming_language%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Ada (programming language)&quot;&gt;Ada&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_%28programming_language%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;C (programming language)&quot;&gt;C&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;C++&quot;&gt;C++&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_%28programming_language%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Java (programming language)&quot;&gt;Java&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortran&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Fortran&quot;&gt;Fortran&lt;/a&gt;. The Linux kernel itself is written to be compiled with GCC. &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_software&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Proprietary software&quot;&gt;Proprietary&lt;/a&gt; compilers for Linux include the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_C%2B%2B_Compiler&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Intel C++ Compiler&quot;&gt;Intel C++ Compiler&lt;/a&gt; and IBM XL C/C++ Compiler. Most distributions also include support for &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Perl&quot;&gt;Perl&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruby_programming_language&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Ruby programming language&quot;&gt;Ruby&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_programming_language&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Python programming language&quot;&gt;Python&lt;/a&gt; and other &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_programming_language&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Dynamic programming language&quot;&gt;dynamic languages&lt;/a&gt;. Examples of languages that are less common, but still well-supported, are &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp_%28programming_language%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;C Sharp (programming language)&quot;&gt;C#&lt;/a&gt; via the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mono_%28software%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Mono (software)&quot;&gt;Mono&lt;/a&gt; project, and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_programming_language&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Scheme programming language&quot;&gt;Scheme&lt;/a&gt;. A number of &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Virtual_Machine&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Java Virtual Machine&quot;&gt;Java Virtual Machines&lt;/a&gt; and development kits run on Linux, including the original Sun Microsystems JVM (&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HotSpot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;HotSpot&quot;&gt;HotSpot&lt;/a&gt;), and IBM&amp;#39;s J2SE RE, as well as many open-source projects like &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffe&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Kaffe&quot;&gt;Kaffe&lt;/a&gt;. The two main frameworks for developing graphical applications are those of &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNOME&quot;&gt;GNOME&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;KDE&quot;&gt;KDE&lt;/a&gt;. These projects are based on the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTK%2B&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GTK+&quot;&gt;GTK+&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qt_%28toolkit%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Qt (toolkit)&quot;&gt;Qt&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Widget_toolkit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Widget toolkit&quot;&gt;widget toolkits&lt;/a&gt;, respectively, which can also be used independently of the larger framework. Both support a wide variety of languages. There are a number of &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_development_environment&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Integrated development environment&quot;&gt;Integrated development environments&lt;/a&gt; available including &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjuta&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Anjuta&quot;&gt;Anjuta&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code::Blocks&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Code::Blocks&quot;&gt;Code::Blocks&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse_%28computing%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Eclipse (computing)&quot;&gt;Eclipse&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDevelop&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;KDevelop&quot;&gt;KDevelop&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarus_%28software%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Lazarus (software)&quot;&gt;Lazarus&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MonoDevelop&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;MonoDevelop&quot;&gt;MonoDevelop&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBeans&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;NetBeans&quot;&gt;NetBeans&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omnis_Studio&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Omnis Studio&quot;&gt;Omnis Studio&lt;/a&gt; while the long-established editors &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vim_%28text_editor%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Vim (text editor)&quot;&gt;Vim&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emacs&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Emacs&quot;&gt;Emacs&lt;/a&gt; remain popular.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-23&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[24]&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;[&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linux&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Edit section: Uses&quot;&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] Uses&lt;/h2&gt; As well as those designed for general purpose use on desktops and servers, distributions may be specialized for different purposes including: &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Computer architecture&quot;&gt;computer architecture&lt;/a&gt; support, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_Linux&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Embedded Linux&quot;&gt;embedded systems&lt;/a&gt;, stability, security, localization to a specific region or language, targeting of specific user groups, support for &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_computing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Real-time computing&quot;&gt;real-time&lt;/a&gt; applications, or commitment to a given desktop environment. Furthermore, some distributions deliberately include only &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Free software&quot;&gt;free software&lt;/a&gt;. Currently, over three hundred distributions are actively developed, with about a dozen distributions being most popular for general-purpose use.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-24&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[25]&lt;/a&gt; Linux is a widely &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porting&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Porting&quot;&gt;ported&lt;/a&gt; operating system. While the Linux kernel was originally designed only for &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80386&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Intel 80386&quot;&gt;Intel 80386&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microprocessor&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Microprocessor&quot;&gt;microprocessors&lt;/a&gt;, it now runs on a more diverse range of &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_architecture&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Computer architecture&quot;&gt;computer architectures&lt;/a&gt; than any other operating system: in the hand-held &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARM_architecture&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;ARM architecture&quot;&gt;ARM&lt;/a&gt;-based &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPAQ&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;IPAQ&quot;&gt;iPAQ&lt;/a&gt; and the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainframe_computer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Mainframe computer&quot;&gt;mainframe&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;IBM&quot;&gt;IBM&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_z9&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;System z9&quot;&gt;System z9&lt;/a&gt;, in devices ranging from &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Mobile phone&quot;&gt;mobile phones&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wristwatches&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Wristwatches&quot;&gt;wristwatches&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-25&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[26]&lt;/a&gt; to &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Supercomputer&quot;&gt;supercomputers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-26&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[27]&lt;/a&gt; Specialized distributions exist for less mainstream architectures. The &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ELKS&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;ELKS&quot;&gt;ELKS&lt;/a&gt; kernel &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fork_%28software_development%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Fork (software development)&quot;&gt;fork&lt;/a&gt; can run on &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_8086&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Intel 8086&quot;&gt;Intel 8086&lt;/a&gt; or &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intel_80286&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Intel 80286&quot;&gt;Intel 80286&lt;/a&gt; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16-bit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;16-bit&quot;&gt;16-bit&lt;/a&gt; microprocessors, while the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9CClinux&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;ΜClinux&quot;&gt;&amp;micro;Clinux&lt;/a&gt; kernel fork may run on systems without a &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_management_unit&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Memory management unit&quot;&gt;memory management unit&lt;/a&gt;. The kernel also runs on architectures that were only ever intended to use a manufacturer-created operating system, such as &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Macintosh&quot;&gt;Macintosh&lt;/a&gt; computers, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Personal digital assistant&quot;&gt;PDAs&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_console&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Video game console&quot;&gt;video game consoles&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_audio_player&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Digital audio player&quot;&gt;portable music players&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Mobile phone&quot;&gt;mobile phones&lt;/a&gt;.  &lt;h3&gt;[&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linux&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Edit section: Desktop&quot;&gt;edit&lt;/a&gt;] Desktop&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:KDE_4.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;A KDE 4 desktop.&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:KDE_4.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Enlarge&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; A &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KDE_4&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;KDE 4&quot;&gt;KDE 4&lt;/a&gt; desktop.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gnome-2.20-screenshot.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;A GNOME 2.20 desktop.&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gnome-2.20-screenshot.png&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Enlarge&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt; A &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNOME&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GNOME&quot;&gt;GNOME&lt;/a&gt; 2.20 desktop.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class=&quot;noprint relarticle mainarticle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Main article: &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_Linux&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Desktop Linux&quot;&gt;Desktop Linux&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  Although there is a lack of Linux ports for some &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OS_X&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Mac OS X&quot;&gt;Mac OS X&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Microsoft Windows&quot;&gt;Microsoft Windows&lt;/a&gt; programs in domains such as &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desktop_publishing&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Desktop publishing&quot;&gt;desktop publishing&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-27&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[28]&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional_audio&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Professional audio&quot;&gt;professional audio&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-28&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[29]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[30]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-30&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[31]&lt;/a&gt; applications equivalent to those available for Mac and Windows are available for Linux.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-31&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[32]&lt;/a&gt; Most Linux distributions provide a program for browsing a list of thousands of &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Free software&quot;&gt;free software&lt;/a&gt; applications that have already been tested and configured for a specific distribution. Many &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Free software&quot;&gt;free software&lt;/a&gt; titles that are popular on Windows, such as &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pidgin_%28software%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Pidgin (software)&quot;&gt;Pidgin&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_Firefox&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Mozilla Firefox&quot;&gt;Mozilla Firefox&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openoffice.org&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Openoffice.org&quot;&gt;Openoffice.org&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIMP&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;GIMP&quot;&gt;GIMP&lt;/a&gt;, are available for Linux. A growing amount of proprietary desktop software is also supported under Linux,&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-32&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[33]&lt;/a&gt; examples being &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Flash_Player&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Adobe Flash Player&quot;&gt;Adobe Flash Player&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Acrobat&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Adobe Acrobat&quot;&gt;Acrobat Reader&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matlab&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Matlab&quot;&gt;Matlab&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nero_Burning_ROM&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Nero Burning ROM&quot;&gt;Nero Burning ROM&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera_%28web_browser%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Opera (web browser)&quot;&gt;Opera&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Picasa&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Google Picasa&quot;&gt;Google Picasa&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RealPlayer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;RealPlayer&quot;&gt;RealPlayer&lt;/a&gt;, and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skype&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Skype&quot;&gt;Skype&lt;/a&gt;. In the field of animation and visual effects, most high end software, such as &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maya_%28software%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Maya (software)&quot;&gt;AutoDesk Maya&lt;/a&gt;, Softimage XSI and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Shake&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Apple Shake&quot;&gt;Apple Shake&lt;/a&gt;, is available for Linux, Windows and/or Mac OS X. &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CrossOver&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;CrossOver&quot;&gt;CrossOver&lt;/a&gt; is a proprietary solution based on the open source &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_%28software%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Wine (software)&quot;&gt;Wine&lt;/a&gt; project that supports running older Windows versions of &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Microsoft Office&quot;&gt;Microsoft Office&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adobe_Photoshop&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Adobe Photoshop&quot;&gt;Adobe Photoshop&lt;/a&gt; versions through CS2. &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Office_2007&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Microsoft Office 2007&quot;&gt;Microsoft Office 2007&lt;/a&gt; and Adobe Photoshop CS3 are known not to work.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-33&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[34]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-34&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[35]&lt;/a&gt; Besides the free Windows compatibility layer &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wine_%28software%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Wine (software)&quot;&gt;Wine&lt;/a&gt;, most distributions offer &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_boot&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Dual boot&quot;&gt;Dual boot&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_virtualization&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;X86 virtualization&quot;&gt;X86 virtualization&lt;/a&gt; for running both Linux and Windows on the same computer. Linux&amp;#39;s open nature allows distributed teams to &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L10n&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;L10n&quot;&gt;localize&lt;/a&gt; Linux distributions for use in locales where localizing proprietary systems would not be cost-effective. For example the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinhalese_language&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Sinhalese language&quot;&gt;Sinhalese language&lt;/a&gt; version of the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knoppix&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Knoppix&quot;&gt;Knoppix&lt;/a&gt; distribution was available for a long time before &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windows_XP&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Microsoft Windows XP&quot;&gt;Microsoft Windows XP&lt;/a&gt; was translated to Sinhalese. In this case the Lanka Linux User Group played a major part in developing the localized system by combining the knowledge of university professors, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguist&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linguist&quot;&gt;linguists&lt;/a&gt;, and local developers. The performance of Linux on the desktop has been a controversial topic, with at least one key Linux kernel developer, Con Kolivas, accusing the Linux community of favouring performance on servers. He quit Linux development because he was frustrated with this lack of focus on the desktop, and then gave a &amp;#39;tell all&amp;#39; interview on the topic.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-35&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[36]&lt;/a&gt; &lt;i&gt;See also: &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_gaming&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux gaming&quot;&gt;Linux gaming&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;  &lt;h3&gt;Servers and supercomputers&lt;/h3&gt; Historically, Linux has mainly been used as a &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_%28computing%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Server (computing)&quot;&gt;server&lt;/a&gt; operating system, and has risen to prominence in that area; &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netcraft&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Netcraft&quot;&gt;Netcraft&lt;/a&gt; reported in February 2008 that five of the ten most reliable internet hosting companies run Linux on their &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Web server&quot;&gt;web servers&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-36&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[37]&lt;/a&gt; This is due to its relative stability and long uptime, and the fact that desktop software with a graphical user interface for servers is often unneeded. Enterprise and non-enterprise Linux distributions may be found running on servers. Linux is the cornerstone of the &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LAMP_%28software_bundle%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;LAMP (software bundle)&quot;&gt;LAMP&lt;/a&gt; server-software combination (Linux, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_HTTP_Server&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Apache HTTP Server&quot;&gt;Apache&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;MySQL&quot;&gt;MySQL&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perl&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Perl&quot;&gt;Perl&lt;/a&gt;/&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PHP&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;PHP&quot;&gt;PHP&lt;/a&gt;/&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_%28programming_language%29&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Python (programming language)&quot;&gt;Python&lt;/a&gt;) which has achieved popularity among developers, and which is one of the more common platforms for website hosting. Linux is commonly used as an operating system for &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supercomputer&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Supercomputer&quot;&gt;supercomputers&lt;/a&gt;. As of &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2007&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;November 2007&quot;&gt;November 2007&lt;/a&gt;, out of the top 500 systems, 426 (85.2%) run Linux.&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU/Linux#cite_note-37&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;[38]&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;h3&gt;Embedded devices&lt;/h3&gt; &lt;i&gt;See also: &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_Linux&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Embedded Linux&quot;&gt;Embedded Linux&lt;/a&gt;and &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_devices&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Linux devices&quot;&gt;Linux devices&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Due to its low cost and ability to be easily modified, an &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_Linux&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Embedded Linux&quot;&gt;embedded Linux&lt;/a&gt; is often used in &lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systems&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Embedded systems&quot;&gt;embedded systems&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://openwikipedia.wetpaint.comhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone&quot; rel=&quot;nofollow&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Mobile phone&quot;&gt;Mobile phones&lt;/a&gt; or PDAs running on Linux and built 